71 FLRA No. 10                 

                                                                                               

UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION

EL PASO, TEXAS

 (Agency)

 

and

 

AMERICAN FEDERATION 

OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES

NATIONAL BORDER PATROL COUNCIL

LOCAL 1929

(Union)

 

0-AR-5187

(70 FLRA 501 (2018))

 

_______

 

ORDER DENYING

MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION

 

February 14, 2019

_____

 

 

Before the Authority: Colleen Duffy Kiko,Chairman, and

Ernest DuBester and James T. Abbott, Members

(Member DuBester dissenting)

 

I.             Statement of the Case

 

                 In this case, we deny reconsideration to U.S. DHS, U.S. CBP, El Paso, Texas (DHS)^[1] and reaffirm our seminal case emphasizing the difference between conditions of employment and working conditions.

 

               Arbitrator Vicki Peterson Cohen issued an award finding that the Agency violated § 7116(a)(1) and (5) of the Federal Service Labor-Management Relations Statute (the Statute)[2] by failing to bargain over a memorandum concerning immigration inspections conducted by border patrol agents (agents).  The Agency filed exceptions to the award, arguing that the memo did not change a condition of employment.  In DHS, the Authority reviewed those exceptions and addressed the plain‑language distinction between “conditions of employment” and “working conditions,” as those terms are used in § 7103(a)(14) of the Statute.[3]  As relevant here, the Authority concluded that the Agency’s issuance of the memo did not change a condition of employment, because it did not affect the nature of, or the type of duties, that the agents performed.  Accordingly, the Authority in DHS set aside the award. 

 

                 The Union now files a motion for reconsideration (motion) of DHS under § 2429.17 of the Authority’s Regulations,[4] alleging that the Authority misapplied U.S. Supreme Court and Authority precedent.  Because the Authority did not misapply precedent, the Union has failed to establish that extraordinary circumstances warrant reconsideration of DHS.  Therefore, we deny the motion.

 

II.            Background

 

                 The facts, summarized here, are set forth in greater detail in DHS.  The agents involved in this case conduct inspections of vehicles and occupants traveling through a border-security checkpoint.  The checkpoint has a primary and a secondary inspection area that are located adjacent to each other.  On any given day, agents may be assigned to work one or both areas, but in either area the duties performed are essentially the same. 

 

                 The Agency became aware that some of the agents “were failing very badly” at intercepting fraudulent and imposter vehicles and documents.[5]  Around that same time, the Agency also received specific “intelligence indicating [that] people were using imposter and fraudulent documents in order to gain entry into the U.S. at checkpoints.”[6]  To address that situation, the Agency issued a memorandum detailing under what circumstances vehicles should be referred to the secondary inspection area (the memo).

 

                  The Arbitrator found that the memo constituted a change to the agents’ conditions of employment because, after the Agency issued the memo, there were fewer primary‑area inspections and the duties normally performed by agents assigned to the secondary inspection area increased.  And the Arbitrator erroneously concluded that the Agency violated § 7116(a)(1) and (5) of the Statute by failing to give the Union notice and an opportunity to bargain before issuing the memo. 

 

                    The Agency filed exceptions to the award.  In DHS, the Authority took the opportunity to overturn its line of precedent that incorrectly held that there is no substantive difference between the terms “conditions of employment” and “working conditions,” as used in § 7103(a)(14).[7]  While the Authority’s previous interpretation of  § 7103(a)(14) had been described as “reasonable,”[8] the Authority in DHS observed that it was not supported by the Statute’s plain wording and, by conflating the relevant terms, it failed to provide the labor‑management community with any meaningful guidance as to their statutory bargaining obligations.[9]  The Authority also noted that the courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court in Fort Stewart Schools v. FLRA (Fort Stewart),[10] have acknowledged that the terms “conditions of employment” and “working conditions,” as used in § 7103(a)(14), are not synonymous.

 

                  On the merits, the Authority found, as relevant here, that although the agents experienced an increase in their secondary inspection‑area duties, there was no change to the “nature of or the type of duties” that the agents performed.[11]  Relying on Authority precedent holding that variations in the volume of normal rotational duties do not constitute changes over which an agency must bargain, the Authority set aside the award.

 

III.          Analysis and Conclusion:  The Union has failed to establish that extraordinary circumstances exist to justify reconsideration of DHS.

 

                 While the Authority’s Regulations permit a party to request reconsideration of an Authority decision,[12] the “party seeking reconsideration bears the heavy burden of establishing that extraordinary circumstances exist to justify this unusual action.”[13]  The Authority has identified a limited number of situations in which extraordinary circumstances have been found to exist.[14]  These include situations where, as relevant here, the Authority erred in its remedial order, process, conclusion of law, or factual finding.[15] 

 

                  The Union argues that Fort Stewart does not support the Authority’s conclusion that the terms “conditions of employment” and “working conditions” have distinct meanings.[16]  However, as the Agency notes,[17] that conclusion is based on the plain wording of § 7103(a)(14) – not Fort Stewart.[18]  Section 7103(a)(14) defines the term “conditions of employment” as those “personnel policies, practices, and matters” which “affect[] working conditions.”[19]  Applying a basic canon of statutory interpretation,[20] the Authority in DHS found that those two different terms – one of which Congress used to define the other – cannot mean the same thing.[21]  When referring to Fort Stewart, the Authority found it persuasive that the Court had previously recognized that “conditions of employment” and “working conditions” are susceptible to distinct interpretations.[22]  Therefore, contrary to the Union’s contention, that case does support the conclusion that “conditions of employment” and “working conditions” are not synonymous terms.  

 

                  The Union next argues that the Authority in DHS erred in its conclusions of law because none of the cases that the Authority cited stand for the proposition that variations to the volume of employees’ normal duties do not constitute changes over which an agency must bargain.[23]  This is simply untrue.  The Authority cited U.S. DHS, Border and Transportation Security Directorate, U.S. CBP, Border Patrol, Tucson Sector, Tucson, Arizona (CBP).[24]  In that case, the agency was responsible for patrolling the United States border with Mexico and apprehending, and then processing, illegal aliens.^[25]  After the agency experienced a “sharp increase in illegal[‑]alien activity,”^[26] it began rerouting detained aliens to the Tucson Station for processing.^[27]  As a result, employees working at the Tucson Station saw a significant increase in their “processing” duties.^[28] 

 

                  The Authority found there that the workload increase was attributable to “operational demand[]” – i.e., the large influx of illegal aliens – and not to the agency.[29]  The Authority then stated that “[e]ven if” the increase was attributable to the agency,[30] there was no change in the type of processing duties that the employees performed, and mere variations in the volume of those “normal, rotational duties” do not constitute bargainable changes.[31]

 

                    Here, the increase in the agents’ secondary inspection‑area duties is ultimately attributable to the agents failing at their job and the intelligence indicating that people were seeking to illegally enter the United States.[32]  And even if that increase was somehow attributable to a change effected by the Agency, there was no change in the type of inspection duties that the agents performed.[33]  Thus, consistent with CBP,[34] the Authority in DHS correctly found that the variations in the volume of the agents’ normal duties did not constitute bargainable changes.  

 

                     Based on the above, we find that the Union has failed to establish that the Authority in DHS misapplied either Supreme Court or Authority precedent.  Accordingly, no extraordinary circumstances warrant reconsideration of DHS, and we deny the Union’s motion.

 

 

 

 

 

 

IV.          Decision

 

                We deny the Union’s motion.

 

 

 

Member DuBester, dissenting:                                                                                                                                                       

 

               Essentially for the reasons expressed in my dissent in the underlying case,^* I believe that the Union’s motion for reconsideration establishes extraordinary circumstances warranting reconsideration of DHS.